Introduction
Individuals’ readings of Paradise are
various. Some individuals see it
as absolute enjoyment and endless fun which invokes in humans
nothing but the desire to indulge in savoring such enjoyment. Others
consider it as an anesthetic for minds and suppressant of energies.
Paradise is also seen as opium which religions constantly
market to kill the spirit of
work. Muslims consider these views to be flawed. Paradise,
as a matter of fact, is not
limited to only awakening desires. It surpasses this to the
establishment of the values
required to do scientific research, build civilization and
establish great social values. In the
verses of the Holy Qur’an which mention the blessings of Paradise, there
are many incentives which push individuals to discover
the secrets of earth and its
laws. They also urge individuals to exploit the miracles of
earth for the service of
humans. Paradise which Allah has promised His pious worshippers is unique in
affecting the heart of a believer. It also provokes mental energies towards
education, work and civilization.
It is unfortunate that the Islamic
library is devoid of publications which establish a conceptualization for a
cultural reading of Paradise. This, in turn, reflects weakness and crippled
methodology from which the Islamic nation suffers. On the contrary, huge
publications advertising a cursory reading of paradise are countless. In addition to that, many
preachers think that invitation to Allah is linked to mentioning the signs of the
Hereafter and enumerating punishments of unbelievers. Paradise is rarely
mentioned except when comparison to Hell is warranted.
This book is a
pioneering one, as it is the only one written specially to focus on the cultural readings of
Paradise. It elevates individuals’ hearts and minds from the pictures of punishment and fun
of Paradise enormously found elsewhere. It reflects the blessings of Paradise
on our reality. It also stresses the fact that the Holy Qur’an is rich with verses invoking
energies and awakening emotions. This certainly refutes narrations which think that
there are gaps in the Qur’an which must be filled. Many books written on the description of Paradise
and dependent on these legends and sayings led to restriction of Paradise to
abstract enjoyment. They also strengthened the reaction that Paradise is no
more than opium for nations. They preserve the legendary outlook on religion
and this definitely drains religion of purity.
Admission
to Paradise
Muslims live this life eagerly
anticipating the Hereafter. They fight temptation in order to be with the best
of companions (the Prophet (peace be upon him), his Companions and followers)
in "a Garden whose width is that (of the whole) of the heavens and of the
earth, prepared for the righteous" (3:133). In the Hereafter when unbelievers
undergo regret and are admitted to Hell, believers find "Gardens of Eternity,
whose doors will (ever) be open to them;” (38: 50). If Paradise, where believers are neither questioned
nor punished, is entered through doors, how then do believers on earth dare to break into houses and
invade others’ property? Have they not heard Allah’s command “It is no virtue if you enter your houses from the back: It is
virtue if you fear
Allah. Enter houses through the
proper doors: And fear Allah. That you may prosper." (2:189)
This can be applied to all aspects of
life. One reason for the progress of other nations over the Islamic Ummah (the Islamic Nation) is that
they value individuals according to their qualifications and talents. Thus,
they assign the right individual to the right position and task. However, the
Islamic Ummah
has been blinded by favoring
individuals according to their social status and connections. As a result, individuals
get jobs if they have connections. Such a practice exhausts energies and freezes
progress and advancement. Paradise, being fair, is the ultimate in culture and advancement
because admission is not based on connections or social rank. Only good
individuals with their parents, wives and children are admitted. Allah confirms this in the verse
"Gardens of perpetual bliss: they shall enter there, as well as the righteous
among their fathers, their spouses, and their offspring: and angels shall enter
unto them from every gate (with the salutation):" (13: 23)
This enhances comfort in the hearts
of believers especially after they are greeted with a warm welcome "The
righteous (will be) amid gardens and fountains (of clear-flowing water). (Their
greeting will be): "Enter you here in peace and security." (15: 45-46).
This safe admission enhances in us the desire to reaffirm safety and stability in
our societies so that we are not in chaos and continual fear and worry. Fearful
individuals cannot be creative but inevitably regress to backward and
traditional life.
Believers’ comfort and satisfaction is
further enhanced when angels receive them "Peace be on you; enter you the
Garden, because of (the good) which you did (in the world)." (16: 32).
This demands an aware authority which provides comfort, care and necessities
for its constituents to live a decent life. The authority has to interact with
them in a spirit of love and peace and abjure threat and imprisonment. This speech
urges citizens to contribute to building brotherhood and cooperation with one another.
The core element for forming social bonds is meeting one another with the Islamic
peace greeting, similar to which believers in Paradise use "Their greeting
therein will be: "Peace!" (14: 23)
The
Rivers and Springs of Paradise
Allah created humans from water. He
says, "It is He Who has created man from water" (25: 54). Therefore,
human life is indispensably linked to water. Wherever there is water, human
civilization is established. The best of these civilizations have been on the
banks of rivers whether natural or human-made. Early humans were forced to dig
canals and ditches and construct pipes through which water flows. This certainly
ensures the continuity of life. In Paradise, where life is eternal, rivers flow
with water to assuage thirst and inspire contemplators with the wonder and
beauty of its endless flow "But give glad tidings to those who believe and
work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath which rivers
flow." (2: 25). This reward shows the importance of water and the
obligation of preserving it. Therefore, believers have to preserve water and
avoid abusing it like the ignorant who use water extravagantly and ignore the
injunction "O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time
and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loves
not the wasters." (7: 31). Allah also says, "and the Transgressors will be Companions of the
Fire!" (40: 43). As for believers who keep this valuable wealth, they are
entitled to "Gardens of Eternity which they will enter: beneath them flow
(pleasant) rivers: they will have therein all that they wish: thus, Allah does
reward the righteous, -" (16: 31).
The rivers of Paradise are not
limited to flowing water but contain various types of liquid, "in it are
rivers of water incorruptible; rivers of milk of which the taste never changes;
rivers of wine, a joy to those who drink; and rivers of honey pure and clear.
In it there are for them all kinds of fruits; and Grace from their Lord. (Can
those in such Bliss) be compared to such as shall dwell forever in the Fire, and
be given, to drink, boiling water, so that it cuts up their bowels (to
pieces)?" (47: 15). How tantalizing this scenery is! It drives creative
artists to become inspired. Allah says, "The righteous (will be) amid gardens and fountains (of
clear-flowing water)." (15: 45). Should we not look for springs and rivers
which flow with water and oil instead of depending on others who have searched
and investigated for us only to end up stealing our wealth? This began to
happen mainly when we stopped reading the Holy Qur’an carefully and did not pay attention to its
encouraging calls which describe Paradise. We thought that Paradise was for fun
not for creativity and development. Therefore, we should be pious and initiate
a cultural reading of Paradise’s blessings, rivers and springs because the pious "(will be) in a
position of Security. Among Gardens and Springs;" (44: 51-52).
The rivers of Paradise are not only
beautiful in their description but also in their names. Allah mentions, "A fountain
there, called Salsabīl." (76: 18). This makes individuals
aware that they have to choose lovely names for their children, places and institutions
as this attracts customers.
Meadows
and Shades of Paradise
Comfort and pleasure fill eyes and
hearts when viewing gardens and greenery because these connect human minds with
deep instinctual meanings linked to birth, death and rebirth from the earth
"From the (earth) did We create you, and into it shall We return you, and
from it shall We bring you out once again." (20: 55). Trees in their life
cycle offer a vivid example of Human birth and death. Allah states, " It is He Who
brings out the living from the dead, and brings out the dead from the living,
and Who gives life to the earth after it is dead: and thus shall you be brought
out (from the dead). (30: 19). Trees provide sustenance as they are the first
source of food for humans, and so animals which in turn become another food
source for humans. In the humans’ hearts, greenery is always associated with feelings of
comfort and calmness. Therefore, one of the gifts of Paradise is the enjoyment
of water and greenery. Allah says, " Then those who have believed and
worked righteous deeds, shall be made happy in a Mead of Delight." (30:
15). Mead here means a green garden where water flows non-stop" those who
believe and work righteous deeds will be in the luxuriant meads of the Gardens:
they shall have, before their Lord, all that they wish for./ That will indeed
be the magnificent Bounty (of Allah)." (42: 22)
This scene of greenery has to
inculcate in us a care for trees and plants in order to provide food for the
Muslim Ummah
instead of our dependence on
others who have exploited our weakness and laziness. Knowing that we have
turned away from the Qur’an, they begin to supply our markets with genetically modified
plants and use us as their laboratory guinea pigs.
We have to be aware of the importance
of agriculture, greenery and meadows of Paradise which provide shades under
which we can rest our bodies and hearts. Thus, these aspects have become
amongst the blessings of Paradise. Allah says, "But those who believe and do deeds of
righteousness, We shall soon admit to Gardens, with rivers flowing beneath, -
their eternal home: Therein shall they have companions pure and holy: We shall
admit them to shades, cool and ever deepening." (4: 57). He also says,
"But Allah will deliver them from the evil of that Day, and will shed over
them a Light of Beauty and (blissful) Joy. And because they were patient and
constant, He will reward them with a Garden and (garments of) silk. Reclining
in the (Garden) on raised thrones, they will see there neither the sun's
(excessive heat) nor (the moon's) excessive cold. And the shades of the
(Garden) will come low over them, and the bunches (of fruit), there, will hang
low in humility." (76: 11-14).
The
Jewelry of the Residents of Paradise
Human beings' earthly jewelry varies
greatly. Rich and poor individuals are distinguishable by their clothes' quality,
types and the quantity jewelry they wear. Such elements readily reflect the
culture of a society and are ways of expressing its traditions. Intellectual
colonists who are dubbed "donkeys" of cultural colonialism are ruled
out from this. They imitate their masters in their behavior, manners, clothes
and jewelry and have no distinct features of their own. As for Paradise, it
shelters those believers whose personality is distinguished by unique and
incomparable clothes and jewelry. Paradise has ornaments which attract
attention. These encourage, by their luster and glitter, artists, couturiers
and blacksmiths to design and produce gorgeous styles and designs. Allah says, describing the jewelry of
Paradise residents, "For them will be Gardens of Eternity; beneath them
rivers will flow; they will be adorned therein with bracelets of gold, and they
will wear green garments of fine silk and heavy brocade: They will recline
therein on raised thrones. How good the recompense! How beautiful a couch to
recline on!" (18: 31). Some bangles are made of gold and others of silver. Allah says, describing them, "And
when you look, it is there you will see a Bliss and a Realm Magnificent. Upon
them will be green Garments of fine silk and heavy brocade, and they will be adorned
with Bracelets of silver; and their Lord will give to them to drink of a Wine
Pure and Holy." (76: 20-21)
Despite the fact
that gold and silver represent the most precious forms of jewelry, the Qur’anic verse goes
beyond them and lists beads which are characterized by softness, glitter and stillness. Allah says, “Allah will admit those who
believe and work righteous deeds, to Gardens beneath which rivers flow: they
shall be adorned therein with bracelets of gold and pearls; and their garments
there will be of silk." (22: 23). He also says, " Gardens of Eternity
will they enter: therein will they be adorned with bracelets of gold and
pearls; and their garments there will be of silk." (35: 33). Silk clothes
with their softness, smoothness, and beauty are worn by Paradise residents,
"Gardens of Eternity will they enter: therein will they be adorned with bracelets
of gold and pearls; and their garments there will be of silk." (35: 33). Allah promises "will deliver
them from the evil of that Day and will shed over them a Light of Beauty and
(blissful) Joy. And because they were patient and constant, He will reward them
with a Garden and (garments of) silk." (76: 11-12)
Silk is the
material from which Paradise residents’ clothes are made. However, the design and look of these clothes,
along with their decorations and accessories, are not mentioned in the Qur’an.
So, creative individuals such as blacksmiths, designers and artists are free to create
imaginatively the finest designs which suit believers and their culturally
distinct originality instead of importing designs and fashions contradicting
the Islamic values from abroad. The Qur’an mentions two types of material: Sundus (silk) and istabraq (brocade): "As to the
Righteous (they will be) in a position of Security, Among Gardens and Springs;
Dressed in fine silk and in rich brocade, they will face each other;" (44:
51-54). Sundus
is the lightest of cloth which corresponds
to softness and transparency. As for istabraq, it represents the heaviest form of cloth. This
indicates the variations available in Paradise for appearance and design. Each
individual has his/ her own taste and Paradise meets all these options, "there
will be there all that the souls could desire, all that their eyes could
delight in:" (43: 71). This, in turn, ensures the respect and esteem for
varying views and ideas. Moreover, it reflects the importance of establishing
civilizations based on diverse resources, products and sources of income so
that individuals feel financially secure. This is so in the earthly life, but
in Paradise, Muslims are invited to enter paradise "We are your protectors
in this life and in the Hereafter: therein you shall have all that your souls
shall desire; therein shall you have all that you ask for!-" (41: 31).
The
Houses of the Residents of Paradise
Allah creates humans who are in a weak form
and lack what should cover their needs and hide their weaknesses. Allah says, “Allah wishes to lighten your (difficulties):
For man was created Weak (in flesh)" (4: 28). He also makes marriage like
a house in which hearts feel comfortable and needs and desires are fulfilled as
He says, "And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from
among yourselves, that you may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put
love and mercy between your (hearts): verily in that are Signs for those who
reflect." (30: 21). Similarly, He makes houses for the comfort of souls
and bodies as reflected in the verse: " It is Allah Who made your habitations
homes of rest and quiet for you; and made for you, out of the skins of animals,
(tents for) dwellings, which you find so light (and handy) when you travel and
when you stop (in your travels); and out of their wool, and their soft fibers
(between wool and hair), and their hair, rich stuff and articles of convenience
(to serve you) for a time." (16: 80). This is clearly seen when Pharaoh’s wife asked to
substitute the first house with the second one in Paradise. Allah says, "And Allah sets forth, as an example to those
who believe the wife of Pharaoh: Behold she said: "O my Lord! Build for
me, in nearness to you, a mansion in the Garden, and save me from Pharaoh and
his doings, and save me from those that do wrong";" (66:11).
So, what do the houses of
Paradise look like?
Allah describes these as homes. They are not, however,
like any home in which one might or might not feel comfortable. They are
especially built to provide comfort and ease for bodies, hearts and souls: "Allah has promised to Believers, men
and women, gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein, and beautiful
mansions in gardens of everlasting bliss. But the greatest bliss is the good
pleasure of Allah. That is the supreme felicity." (9: 72). Allah says, "He will forgive you
your sins, and admit you to Gardens beneath which Rivers flow, and to beautiful
mansions in Gardens of Eternity: that is indeed the Supreme
Achievement."(61:12). As already mentioned, homes might either be abstract
houses representing marriage or material houses that shelter bodies and souls. We
are aware of the wonder of the Qur’anic description of the houses of Paradise as they are “beautiful
mansions”. We
will leave marriage now for a different time in order to enjoy looking at the
houses of Paradise.
Allah says, "Blessed is He who, if
that were His will, could give you better (things) than those,- Gardens beneath
which rivers flow; and He could give you palaces (secure to dwell in)."
(25: 10). The word qasar (palace) in Arabic means destination reflecting that the homes
of Paradise are of ultimate perfection in every aspect. They are huge,
beautiful and wonderful. This careful description of them inspires designers
and architects to produce the finest architectural plans which elevate the
culture and art and architecture of our Ummah. The Qur’anic description keeps adding to the wonder and beauty of these
houses. It makes us dive deep into the Glorious Creation of Allah. He says, "Those are the ones who will be
rewarded with the highest place in heaven, because of their patient constancy:
therein shall they be met with salutations and peace," (25: 10). He also
says, " But those who believe and work deeds of righteousness - to them
shall We give a Home in Heaven,- lofty mansions beneath which flow rivers,- to
dwell therein forever;- an excellent reward for those who do (good)!-"
(29:58). How wonderful this picture is! The rivers of Paradise do not just flow
outside but also underneath the rooms of these homes. The Holy Qur’an continues to draw
other pictures of these rooms, this
time to show their vertical extension resembling lofty towers and high skyscrapers. Allah
says, "But it is for those who
fear their Lord. That lofty mansions, one above another, have been built:
beneath them flow rivers (of delight): (such is) the Promise of Allah. Never does
Allah fail in (His) promise." (39: 20). Believers are not afraid of
falling or suffocating in these houses because in paradise only goodness and
security are available. Allah says, "It is not your wealth nor your sons, that will bring you
nearer to Us in degree: but only those who believe and work righteousness -
these are the ones for whom there is a multiplied Reward for their deeds, while
secure they (reside) in the dwellings on high!" (34: 37). The Holy Qur’an concludes
its description
by adding another aspect of these rooms. No one can adequately compass this
picture except those who can appreciate architectural design. Allah says, "Companions restrained
(as to their glances), in (goodly) pavilions;-" (55: 72). We might think
that these tents are different from the palaces. Some imaginative individuals
might combine the two views creating a divine picture that is hard to describe.
The
Beds of Paradise
One of the eternal blessings of
Paradise is its beds. For the believers “will be Gardens of Eternity; beneath them rivers will flow; they
will be adorned therein with bracelets of gold, and they will wear green
garments of fine silk and heavy brocade: They will recline therein on raised
thrones." (18: 31). It is the believers’ right to rest and relax when their earthly life is
filled with work and diligence and offers no rest or relaxation since it is not
eternal. Civilizations are established on the shoulders of faithful workers. As
for the lazy and sluggish, there is no place in the history of construction.
They do not have the luck of the blessings of the pious who are in paradise:
"Therein will they recline (at ease): Therein can they call (at pleasure) for
fruit in abundance, and (delicious) drink; And beside them will be chaste women
restraining their glances, (companions) of equal age." (38: 51-52) and
also me "And those Foremost (in Faith) will be Foremost (in the
Hereafter). These will be those Nearest to Allah. In Gardens of Bliss: A number of people from those
of old, And a few from those of later times. (they will be) on Thrones
encrusted (with gold and precious stones), Reclining on them, facing each
other." (56: 10-16).
The beds of Paradise give creative
individuals views of pure Islamic designs characterized by originality and
Islamic, international and national expertise.
The Holy Qur’an presents innumerable pictures
of Paradise beds. Allah says, "They will recline on
Carpets, whose inner linings will be of rich brocade: the Fruit of the Gardens will be near (and
easy of reach)." (56: 55). The Holy Qur’an declares that the blankets are made of (the
heaviest of cloth). This makes humans imagine the kinds, types, and texture of
the external material of these beds. Mere imagination cannot establish a
civilization if it is not followed by translation of that view and idea into
reality. An idea, no matter how great, has no value if it does not become a reality
lived by people. Muslims are required to be artistically and industrially
creative to win over their competitors in the battle of cultures.
One of the pictures which helps a
creative observer to make a masterpiece of these beds in Paradise appears when Allah speaks of believers "Reclining on green Cushions
Rafraf and rich Carpets of beauty 'abqariy." (56: 76). Rafraf is a type of cloth and 'abqariy is a type of mat. The Holy Qur’an leaves it open for creative individuals to ponder
the mix of all these colors and types of beds and blankets. Here could emerge
gorgeous examples of products and structures in the Islamic Ummah that could compete others in
cultural advancement.
The
Food of the Residents of Paradise
It is common sense that food and
drink (after air, of course) are necessary for humans to survive in this life.
But humans never think of food and drink as also forms of luxury and grace.
Therefore, we find them present in Paradise. Allah says, "To them will be passed round, dishes and
goblets of gold: there will be there all that the souls could desire, all that
their eyes could delight in: and you shall abide therein (forever)." (43:
71). Despite the paucity of words in this verse, it carries rich meanings indicative
of eternal grace, comfort, and happiness which inspire minds and energies to
imagine the eternal bless of Paradise. We will not part from the Qur’anic verse which opens the windows wide
for us to see that wonderful image. Most important of all is eternity. Allah says, "But give glad tidings
to those who believe and work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens,
beneath which rivers flow./ Every time they are fed with fruits therefrom, they
say: "Why, this is what we were fed with before," for they are given things
in similitude; and they have therein companions pure (and holy); and they abide
therein (forever)." (2:25).
The fruits of Paradise do not
diminish in quantity and they are not changed by time. In other words, they do
not wither. They stay fresh and tasty. The fruits of Paradise are of all types
and kinds. Allah says, describing these fruits, "As to the Righteous (they
will be) in a position of Security, Among Gardens and Springs; Dressed in fine
silk and in rich brocade, they will face each other; So; and We shall join them
to Companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes. There they can call for
every kind of fruit in peace and security; Nor will they there taste Death,
except the first death; and He will preserve them from the Penalty of the
Blazing Fire,-" (44: 51-56). Such will be the Garden of which ye are made
heirs for your (good) deeds (in life). You shall have therein abundance of
fruit, from which you shall have satisfaction." (43: 72-73)
The abundance of the fruit of Paradise
indicates its variety in look, size and shape. It is always available
irrespective of season. This might inspire research into seasonless fruits:
"The Companions of the Right Hand,- what will be the Companions of the
Right Hand? (They will be) among Lote-trees without thorns, Among Talh trees
with flowers (or fruits) piled one above another,- In shade long-extended, By water
flowing constantly, And fruit in abundance./ Whose season is not limited, nor (supply)
forbidden," (56: 27-33).
There is, as a matter of fact, a call
for research in the Holy Quran and that is because there is a
single type of fruit but different in taste, look, smell according to desires
and tastes: " In them will be Fruits of every kind, two and two. In them
will be Fruits of every kind, two and
two.” (55: 52). It
also lists for us the types of fruits in paradise: “In them will be Fruits, and
dates and pomegranates: Then which of the favours of your Lord will you deny?” (55: 68)
Because dates and pomegranate are the
fruits of Paradise, we should look for their unique nutritional values. It is
worth mentioning that People in Paradise have the right to choose from the
meats and fruits available. If this verse only mentions bird meat, there is a
comprehensive verse which mentions all types of meats that cannot be imagined “Round about them will (serve)
youths of perpetual (freshness), With goblets, (shining) beakers, and cups
(filled) out of clear-flowing fountains: No afterache will they receive
therefrom, nor will they suffer intoxication: And with fruits, any that they may select: And the flesh of
fowls, any that they may desire.” (56: 17- 21). “And those who believe and whose families follow them in Faith,-
to them shall We join their families: Nor shall We deprive them (of the fruit)
of aught of their works: (Yet) is each individual in pledge for his deeds. And
We shall bestow on them, of fruit and meat, anything they shall desire. They
shall there exchange, one with another, a (loving) cup free of frivolity, free of all taint of
ill.” (52: 21-23)
Talking about foods leads us to shed
light on drinks as they are essential to human survival. Allah says, “Gardens of Eternity, whose
doors will (ever) be open to them; Therein will they recline (at ease): Therein
can they call (at pleasure) for fruit in abundance, and (delicious) drink;” (38: 51-52)
Yes, it is Paradise drinks which are
pure. What we have mentioned about the variety of foods also applies to drinks.
One of the colors of drinks in Paradise is white which represents purity and
blessedness. Allah
says, “Upon them will be green Garments
of fine silk and heavy brocade, and they will be adorned with Bracelets of silver; and their Lord will
give to them to drink of a Wine Pure and Holy.” (76: 21). But it will be no more than
the retribution of (the Evil) that you have wrought;- But the sincere (and
devoted) Servants of Allah,- For them is a Sustenance determined, Fruits
(Delights); and they (shall enjoy) honour and dignity, In Gardens of Felicity, Facing
each other on Thrones (of Dignity): Round will be passed to them a Cup from a
clear-flowing fountain, Crystal-white, of a taste delicious to those who drink (thereof), Free from
headiness; nor will they suffer intoxication therefrom.” (37: 39- 47). “In it are rivers of water
incorruptible; rivers of milk of which the taste never changes; rivers of wine,
a joy to those who drink; and rivers of honey pure and clear. In it there are
for them all kinds of fruits; and Grace from their Lord. (47: 15)
Moreover, other types of drinks are
enumerated in the following verse. The Qur’an is not content to make us be like mere watchers. It
also pushes us to create beautiful pictures relevant to the drinks’ look, taste and content “Reclining in the (Garden) on
raised thrones, they will see there neither the sun's (excessive heat) nor (the
moon's) excessive cold. And the shades of the (Garden) will come low over them,
and the bunches (of fruit), there, will hang low in humility. And amongst them
will be passed round vessels of silver and goblets of crystal,- Crystal-clear,
made of silver: they will determine the measure thereof (according to their
wishes). And they will be given to drink there of a Cup (of Wine) mixed with Zanjabil,-” (76: 13-17)
The previous
image which reveals the drink combined with ginger gives us a free recipe for
drinks and foods by urging us to mix the tasty components together. It also
leads us to know the benefits of ginger and its nutritional value. We could finally
ask Allah to have us amongst those who
are told in Paradise “(To them will be said:) "Eat and drink you, with profit and
health, because of your (good) deeds." (52:19).
The
Utensils of the Residents of Paradise
There remain many breathtaking
blessings of Paradise included in the Holy Qur’an. In this section, I present another view of
Paradise which includes many wonderful pictures and cultural lessons for the Ummah. Utensils of Paradise are always
filled with delicious food and drink. Allah says, “To them will be passed round, dishes and goblets of gold: there
will be there all that the souls could desire, all that their eyes could delight in: and ye
shall abide therein (for eye).” (43: 71). This open text amazes contemplators who are able
to imagine wonderful pictures of golden plates of various sizes, types and
decoration. How is this amazing harmony in the designs of these golden plates
and cups presented?
The Utensils of Paradise are not only
made of gold but also of silver, glass and maybe other metals only known to Allah: “And amongst them will be passed
round vessels of silver and goblets of crystal,- Crystal-clear, made of silver:
they will determine
the measure thereof (according to their wishes).” (76: 15-16). This verse, linguistically
wonderful, creates magnificent uncommon pictures. The first is the cups which
are made into qawarīr (bottles). The second is the
fact that they are made of silver. The beauty of this picture is due to the
fact that people thought previously that quarīr were only made of glass. This
unusual production breaks the common cultural aspect and offers readers a free
ticket to the worlds of creativity and discovery through their widest doors.
The previous verses have taken us to
the worlds of creativity and beauty in the design and appearance of these
utensils. There is another verse which urges us to consider and contemplate
other creative aspects of the blessings of Paradise which are neatness and
organization. Allah
says, “Therein will be Thrones (of
dignity), raised on high, Goblets placed (ready),” (88: 13-14). All is organized and neat
in Paradise, even the cups which are set out in a breathtaking manner: “Round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness),
“(56: 17-18) With goblets,
(shining) beakers, and cups (filled) out of clear-flowing fountains:” Muslims should make use of this
by organizing their daily lives, work priorities and time.
Paradise does not only have cups and qawarīr but also other objects: “When they are told, "Fear
you that which is before you and that which will be after you, in order that
you may receive Mercy," (they turn back). (36: 45-46). “As to the Righteous, they shall drink of a Cup (of
Wine) mixed with Kafur,- Not a Sign comes to them from among the Signs of their Lord,
but they turn away” (76: 5). “And they will be given to drink there of a Cup (of Wine) mixed
with Zanjabil,” (76: 17). The cups have no
necks but the Abarīq have long necks which pour
eternal liquid bounty into the glasses and cups of Paradise’s residents.
The Qur’anic verses also bring forth some of these
drinks. Allah says, "When they are told,
"Fear you that which is before you and that which will be after you, in order
that you may receive Mercy," (they turn back). Not a Sign comes to them
from among the Signs of their Lord, but they turn away therefrom." (36:
45-46). He also says "As to the Righteous, they shall drink of a Cup (of
Wine) mixed with Kafur,-" (76: 5) and "And they will be given to drink there
of a Cup (of Wine) mixed with Zanjabil,-" (76: 17). Heavenly glass only serves the
best of drinks mixed with ginger ale and camphor. This tells Muslims not to use their cups
for forbidden drinks. Allah tells Muslims to purify their cups from the forbidden: “And We shall bestow on them, of
fruit and meat, anything they shall desire. They shall there exchange, one with
another, a (loving) cup free
of frivolity, free of all taint of ill.” (52: 22-23). Smokers and drinkers should be careful not to
let evil contaminate their clothes, utensils, brains and bodies. In the
concluding scene, we immerse ourselves in this wonderful picture of heavenly utensils. Allah says, "Verily for the
Righteous there will be a fulfillment of (the heart's) desires; Gardens
enclosed, and grapevines; Companions of equal age; And a cup full (to the
brim). No vanity shall they hear therein, nor Untruth:- (78: 31- 35)
The
Women of Paradise
Ladies comprise the most wonderful
scenes of Paradise. The Holy Qur’an has excelled in describing them profusely. Such a
description makes people look forward to seeing them and enjoying their beauty.
These ladies are pure and purified wives about whom Allah remarks: “But give glad tidings to those
who believe and work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath
which rivers flow. Every time they are fed with fruits therefrom, they say:
"Why, this is what we were fed with before," for they are given
things in similitude; and they have therein companions pure (and holy); and
they abide therein (forever).” (2: 25). Allah, the Almighty, also says "Say: Shall I give you glad tidings of
things Far better than those? For the righteous are Gardens in nearness to
their Lord, with rivers flowing beneath; therein is their eternal home; with
companions pure (and holy); and the good pleasure of Allah. For in Allah's sight are (all) His
servants,-"
(3: 15). He says "But those who believe and do deeds of righteousness, We
shall soon admit to Gardens, with rivers flowing beneath,- their eternal home:
Therein shall they have companions pure and holy: We shall admit them to
shades, cool and ever deepening." (4: 57).
A Muslim woman has to be chastised in
order to be in the list of the heavenly women who are of breathtaking beauty. Allah comments: "Gardens of perpetual
bliss: they shall enter there, as well as the righteous among their fathers,
their spouses, and their offspring: and angels shall enter unto them from every
gate (with the salutation)" (13: 23). He says, "Verily the Companions
of the Garden shall that Day have joy in all that they do; They and their
associates will be in groves of (cool) shade, reclining on Thrones (of
dignity); (Every) fruit (enjoyment) will be there for them; they shall have
whatever they call for; "Peace!" - a word (of salutation) from a Lord
Most Merciful!" (36: 55-58)
How pretty the women of paradise are!
Because eyes are the sign of women’s beauty, the women of paradise have lustrous eyes:
"As to the Righteous (they will be) in a position of Security, Among
Gardens and Springs; Dressed in fine silk and in rich brocade, they will face
each other; So; and We shall join them to Companions with beautiful, big, and
lustrous eyes." (44: 51-54). It is really the happiest moment in the believers’ life. "They will recline (with
ease) on Thrones (of dignity) arranged in ranks; and We shall join them to Companions, with beautiful big
and lustrous eyes." (52: 20). It is the meeting time and satisfying ones’ eagerness "Companions restrained (as to their glances), in
(goodly) pavilions;-" (55: 72).
In the houses of Paradise “will be (Maidens), chaste,
restraining their glances, whom no man or Jinn before them has touched;- "
(55: 56) . How then can one not enjoy life in paradise? This wonderful
description calls Muslim women to lower their gaze and protect themselves.
Moreover, married Muslim women should only devote themselves to their husbands
and never let their imagination venture towards other men. Allah also says, describing the women of
Paradise, "We have created (their Companions) of special creation. And
made them virgin - pure (and undefiled), - Beloved (by nature), equal in
age,-" (56: 35-37), which means that they are active in fulfilling the
needs of their husbands.
Thus, Muslim women should be
characterized by these virtues to gain their husbands’ approval and protect their families through
recalling the elegance and beauty of heavenly women: "And (there will be)
Companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes,- Like unto Pearls
well-guarded." (56: 22-23). Allah also adds, "Like unto Rubies and coral." (55: 58)
They are not
pieces of jewelry to be displayed on store shelves like these women of morally
collapsed nations who display their bodies in stores, papers, magazines,
casinos and satellite channels. Muslim women should emulate the women of
Paradise and never go after the wood of Hellfire. Another picture we can
conclude with is the beauty and magnificence of these women in the verse:
"Companions of equal age;" (78: 33). Their breasts rise when
breathing indicating the beautiful attributes of the female.
The
Satisfaction of the Residents of Paradise
Humans are made up of soul and body.
Thus, their happiness is based on satisfying the needs of both. Paradise is
eternal and offers incomparable happiness. It is no wonder, then, that the Holy Quran, besides including examples of wonderful heavenly material
blessings, mentions cultural signs linking spiritual blessings to psychological happiness. Allah
declares, "Say: Shall I give you
glad tidings of things far better than those? For the righteous are Gardens in
nearness to their Lord, with rivers flowing beneath; therein is their eternal
home; with companions pure (and holy); and the good pleasure of Allah. For in Allah’s sight are (all) His
servants,-" (3: 15). Allah's approval of humans makes them feel secure and certain about the continuity
of the blessings of Paradise. As long as Allah is satisfied with them, their worries are over, misery is
wiped out and fear vanishes. They are confident that Allah's blessings are eternal. How can
they end when Allah
is satisfied with humans? Allah announces, "Their Lord does give
them glad tidings of a Mercy from Himself, of His good pleasure, and of gardens
for them, wherein are delights that endure: They will dwell therein
forever" (9:21-22).
We are not exaggerating when we say that Allah's approval is the ultimate goal in
the hearts of believers; it is much more important than material rewards. This
is proved in the verse: "Allah hath promised to Believers, men and women, gardens under which
rivers flow, to dwell therein, and beautiful mansions in gardens of everlasting
bliss. But the greatest bliss is the good pleasure of Allah. That is the supreme
felicity." (9: 72). Allah's
approval is the
biggest blessing and the most important gift which cannot be compared to
purifying faces, admission to Paradise, or savoring goodness. This satisfaction
which produces happiness in
believers’ hearts
reassures them about what they have be granted. Allah says, "Allah will say: "This is a day on which
the truthful will profit from their truth: theirs are gardens, with rivers flowing
beneath,- their eternal Home: Allah well-pleased with them, and they with Allah.
That is the great salvation, (the fulfillment of all desires)." (5:119).
The most obvious cultural lesson for
the Ummah indicating the significance of Allah's approval is that cultural
advancement and satisfaction of material needs will not be enough for believers
if they are not accompanied by prosper in spiritual satisfaction. Western
culture is a vivid example of the failure humanity has experienced in trying to
create happiness because it separates material development from protective
religion which guards against loss.
Generations have
become lost, crimes and immorality have spread, families have disintegrated,
and societies have become too worldly. Different philosophies have emerged to
resurrect the spiritually dead and psychologically lost Western society. Thus,
the Islamic Ummah, in its endeavor to catch up with the intellect and culture of
the West, must avoid the fatal mistakes which the West has made by separating
religion from life. Islam is the religion which establishes life. Thus, any Muslim
who lives his religion without life is doomed and that who wants to live life without
religion is also doomed because Islam is a balanced religion and way of life. It
connects good
deeds and establishing life for Allah’s sake with succeeding in this life and the Hereafter. How
great Islam is and how magnificent Allah’s approval of believers is!
True
Brotherhood in Paradise
People fail to progress socially and
culturally because their hearts are filled with hatred, grudges and envy. This
is noticeable when envious individuals constantly try to put obstacles in the
path of successful individuals in order to harm them. For instance, an envious
man whose heart is darkened by hatred and anger will spare no effort to harm
successful people. He will often resort to cheating, lying, betraying, backbiting,
and slandering. He may harm others physically by stealing, raping and killing.
Islam comes to call humans to worship Allah and build up the earth. These cannot be accomplished unless
Muslim society is cleansed from the causes of destruction and backwardness. One
way of cleansing a society is by removing hatred, envy and grudges from
individuals' hearts.
Allah warns us of envy; He says, "And from the
mischief of the envious one as he practices envy." (113:5). Moreover, He
has also warns us about deeds that might lead to fighting and disputes. He
declares, "And obey Allah and His Messenger. And fall into no disputes, lest you lose
heart and your power depart;" (8: 46). He has shown that the establishment
of a culture and elevation to the highest levels of paradise cannot be achieved
unless hatred is removed from human's hearts. He says, "The righteous
(will be) amid gardens and fountains (of clear-flowing water). (Their greeting
will be): "Enter ye here in peace and security." And We shall remove
from their hearts any lurking sense of injury: (they will be) brothers
(joyfully) facing each other on thrones (of dignity)." (15:45-48). Muslims
who are aware of themselves and their end should start by cleansing their
hearts of envy and hatred in order to live happily. They should be satisfied
with Allah's gifts to them. They must seek Allah's approval. When individuals are
contented and hearts are cleansed of envy and hatred, Muslims are privileged to
enjoy eternal Paradise.
Allah says "As to the Righteous, they will
be in Gardens, and in Happiness,- Enjoying the (Bliss) which their Lord has
bestowed on them, and their Lord shall deliver them from the Penalty of the
Fire." (52: 17-18).
The
Knowledge of the Residents of Paradise
Angels bowed to the prophet Adam (pbuh) after they realized that he was superior to them due to his
knowledge. The complete story of Adam is narrated in the Holy Qur’an
urging Muslims to contemplate
its cultural meanings. The Chapters of the story begins by distinguishing Adam with the ability to know matters, their names and facts. On the contrary,
angels were not provided with this ability. When revealed to them that Adam owned mental ability to knowledge of matters, they knew that he
had a privilege of appreciation and closeness to Allah. They were ordered to bow to him
not because of his worshipping but his knowledge. People should submit to knowledge
and the knowledgeable. As for individuals who lack knowledge, they should
follow scholars despite their color or low social rank. Allah says “And He taught Adam the names of all things, then He placed them before the angels, and said: “Tell Me the names of these
if you are right. They said: “Glory to Thee: of knowledge we have none, save what you
have taught us: in truth it is You Who are perfect in knowledge and wisdom. He
said: “O Adam! Tell them their names.” When he had told them
their names, Allah said: “Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heaven and
earth, and I know what you reveal, and you conceal?”. And behold, We said to
the angels: “Bow down to Adam:” and they bowed down: not so Iblīs: he refused and was haughty: he was of those who reject
Faith.” (2: 31-34).
The story of the bow of angels to Adam stresses the fact that humans are superior to objects of earth.
Their superiority is based on their advancing knowledge, which is granted by
reading, discovery and knowledge. Thus, the verses of Holy Qur’an urge humanity to read
"Proclaim! (or read!) in the name of your Lord and Cherisher, Who
created-. Created man, out of leech- like clot: Proclaim! And your Lord is Most
Bountiful. He Who taught (the use of) the Pen. Taught man that which he knew not.” (96: 1-5). They also urge humanity to discover “D they
not look at the camels, how they are made?- And the Sky, how it is raised high?-
And at the Mountains, how they are fixed firm?- And the Earth, how it is spread out?” (88: 17- 20). And finally, there is a
call for the advancement of knowledge “Say: “Are those equal, those who know and those who do not know?”
(39:9).
The Muslim nation deteriorates when
it turns down its creative individuals and readers and substitutes them with
memorizers and conservatives. The progress of other nations happens when these
nations consider reading to be a sacred obligation. Other nations won over
Muslims who shunned reading.
Some Muslims thought that this life
is destined for the prosperity of non-believers and Muslims are devoid of luck.
This is certainly a wrong idea that needs to be corrected. Life is the cultivation of the
Hereafter. The Holy Qur’an orders Muslims to care for life. Allah says, “But seek, with the
(wealth) which Allah has bestowed on you, the Home of the Hereafter, nor forget
your portion in this world.” (28: 77). Muslims should realize that discovery, knowledge and
education are amongst the characteristics of the residents of Paradise. Allah says showing their
passion for knowledge
“One of them will say: “I had
an intimate companion (on the earth), “Who used to say, do you really believe? When we die and
become dust and bones, shall we indeed receive rewards and punishments” “He said:
“Would you like to look down?” He looked down and saw him in the midst of the
Fire. He said “By Allah! You were not little short of bringing me to perdition!
“Had it not been for the Grace of my Lord, I would certainly have been among those brought
(here) (37: 50-57).)
Knowledge is a treasure whose key is
asking questions. The residents of Paradise constantly ask questions and search
for knowledge. Allah says “They will say: “Aforetime, we were not without fear for the sake of our
people. “But Allah has been good to us and has delivered us from the Chastisement of
the Scorching Wind. “Truly, we did call unto Him from the old: truly it is He, the
Beneficent, the Merciful!” (52: 25-28). Thus, asking questions is the first step for
acquiring knowledge. He also says “Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds. Except the Companions
of the Right Hand, (They will be) in Gardens (of Delight): they will question
each other, and (ask) of the Sinners: "What led you into Hell Fire?"
They will say: "We were not of those who prayed. Nor were we of those who
fed the indigent; But we used to talk vanities with vain talkers; And we used
to deny the Day of Judgment; Until there came to us (the Hour) that is
certain" (74: 38-47).
The Muslim
nation is required to emulate the residents of Paradise in their constant quest
for knowledge so that it can compete other nations in cultural advancement.
Reference:
A Cultural Reading
of Paradise, by Zakariya al-Muharrmi; translated by Khalsa al-Aghbari.
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